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UNIT 10

I. Найдите в Прил. 1 значения следующих слов, запомните их:

engine (n), hold (held, held) (v), cause (v), sequence (v).

П. Найдите в Прил. 2 значения следующих терминов, запомните их:

decimal number arithmetic unit

binary number control unit

storage (n) central processing unit

store (y display (v)

peripheral (n)

III. Прочтите следующий текст, замените подчеркнутые существительные соответствующими местоимениями

Переведите текст.

We can describe a computer as being made up (состоять) of three basic sections: the control and arithmetic section, often called the central processing unit or CPU, the memory section and the input/output (I/O) section.

The CPU directs the activities of the computer; the CPU fetches (доставлять) instructions from memory, the CPU decodes and executes (выполнять) the instructions, performs arithmetic and logical operations. The CPU transfers data to and from the memory and I/O devices, provides timing and control signals, and recognizes (опознавать) external (внешний) control signals.

The memory section stores both data and instructions as binary numbers. This fundamental characteristic of modern computers was first proposed (предлагать) by John Neuman; a machine that stores both machine's data and machine's program in the same form is called a Von Neumann machine.

The I/O section acts as an interface between the computer and the outside (внешний) world. The I/O section's purpose is to convert external data into a form which the computer will understand and to transform the results from the computer into a form which can be used in the external world.

The various sections are connected by paths called buses (шины).

IV. Прочтите текст, разделите его на логико-смысловые единства, озаглавьте их.

COMPUTER

1. More than a hundred years ago Charles Babbage, an English mathematician, designed an analytical engine for performing calculations. It worked in decimal numbers but it was too complicated and cumbersome (громоздкий) to build. ENIАС, the first electronic computer also worked in decimal. Modern devices, however, all work in binary. Binary numbers need only two symbols. An electric current not flowing is represented by 0 and a current flowing is represented by 1. In this way a number is converted into a series of electric pulses. Each unit (0 or 1) is called a bit.

2. The modern computer has several parts. First, store (sometimes called memory) for holding numbers, both those forming the data of the problem and those generated in the course of calculations. Second, an arithmetic unit, a device for performing calculation on those numbers. Third, a control unit, a device that causes the machine to perform the required operations in the correct sequence. The control and arithmetic section of the computer is often called the central processing unit or CPU. Fourth, input devices whereby (посредством которых) numbers and operations can be supplied to the machine and finally, output devices for displaying the results of calculation. The input and output devices are called peripherals.

3. The equipment and machines used for input, output and storage are called the hardware. The program, which consists of the instructions telling the CPU what to do with the input, is the software.

(1,500)

V. Прочтите текст, выберите подходящее по смыслу слово из предложенных в скобках, переведите текст.

1. The memory itself (compare, consist, comprise) of cells which have two stable states (состояние). Each cell can (store, supply, apply) a binary digit or bit. Since we usually want to (perform, provide, process) several bits at once (одновременно), we organize the binary cells into groups of fixed lengths. The smallest such group is a byte, bytes generally (connect, contain, control) 8 bits. The basic group of bits which the computer processes at one time is a word. Computer word length (were, very, vary) from 4 to 64 bits.

2. In many respects (во многих отношениях) computer input and output are very (simple, similar, single) to memory transfers (передачи). We can even (consist, create, consider) a memory as just another peripheral device.

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boneco и boneco p2261.