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UNIT 3

I. 'Выпишите из Прил. 1 значения следующих слов, запомните их:

point (n), contain (v), difference (n), supply (v), convert (v), change (v), light (n), heat (n), part (n), consist (v), interrupt (v), comprise (v), compare (v), space (n), bulb (n), connect (v), wire (n), basic (n).

П. Выпишите из Прил. 2 значения следующих терминов, запомните их:

source (n) electromotive force

load (n) actuate (v)

transmission cell (n)

control (n) series (parallel) connection

Ш. Прочтите следующие интернациональное слова и дайте их русский эквивалент:

potential (n), system (n), element (n), energy (n), generator (n), form (n), lamp (n), regulate (v), limit (v), function (n), camera (n), satellite (n), relay (n), function (n).

IV. Прочтите следующие слова, определите по суффиксу, какой частью речи они являются, переведите их:

contain (v) – contained – containing – container;

convert (v) – converted – converting – convertible – conversion;

interrupt (v) – interrupted – interrupting – interruptions;

compare (v) – comparison – comparable – incomparable;

base (n) – basic – basically – baseless;

wire (n) – wireless;

connect (v) – disconnect – connected – connecting – connection;

transmit (v) – transmitter – transmission.

V. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова, образованные по, способу конверсии:

supply (n) – supply (v), form (n) – form (v), load (n) – load (v), control (n) –control (v), function (n) – function (v), limit (n) – limit (v), potential (n) – potential (a), light (n) – light (v), heat (n) – heat (v), change (n) – change (v),base (n) – base (v).

VI. Дайте исходную форму следующих слов:

supplies, called, wires, transmitted, higher, lower, interrupting.

VП. Прочтите и переведите следующие словосочетания:

circuit elements, transmission system, potential difference, television camera, space satellite, ground control.

VШ. Прочтите и переведите следующие микротексты, обращая внимание на различные функции one : a) числительное “один”; б) заместитель ранее упомянутого существительного (переводится существительным, которое заменяет); в) формальное подлежащее (не переводится).

  1. A resistor is one of the most соmmon (распространенный) devices used in electric circuits. Resistors are produced in different sizes (размеры) and classified into fixed and variable (переменный) ones. 2 Rutherford's suggestion (предположение) that the positive charge of the atom is connected in a small central nucleus (ядро) was a revolutionary one. With a Danish physicist, Niels Bohr, he worked out a model of the atom, the one which in many respects (вo многих отношениях) is still accepted (принимать ) today. 3. To understand what laser is, one has to understand how light is generated.
  2. IX. Прочтите и переведите следующий микротекст, обращая внимание на указательные местоимения that – “тот – этот” , those –“те – эти”.

Most semiconductors use germanium and silicon as the base element. Because those elements are good insulators in their pure (чистый) form, they are mixed with another material in order to (для того чтобы) form useful semiconductor; that mixing is called doping (легирование).

X. Прочтите и переведите следующие микротексты, учитывая, что местоимения that (of), those (of) в функции заместителей ранее упомянутых существительных переводятся существительными, которые они эаменяюг.

1. A semiconductor is a material whose electrical conductivity is between that of a conductor and that off an insulator. The conductivity of a conductor decreases as its temperature increases while (в то время как) that of an insulator varies slightly (незначительно), but does increase, with increasing temperature.
3. James Maxwell predicted (предсказывать) that waves (волны) longer than those of light could exist.

XI. Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения, учитывая различные значения for : а) союз; “так как”, “ибо”; б) предлоги: “для”, “в течение”.

1. A battery is used for supplying electrical energy. 2. Electrical phenomena have been known to man for a very long time. 3. There are no perfect insulators for all insulators will allow some flow of electrons.

ХП. Прочтите следующий текст, перечислите основные элементы цепи и их функции.

 

CIRCUIT ELEMENTS

  1. Current moves from a point of high potential to one of low potential. It can only do so if there is a path for it to follow. This path is called an electric circuit. All circuits contain four elements; a source, a load, a transmission system and a control.
  2. The source provides the electromotive force. This establishes the difference 01 potential, which makes current flow possible. The source can be any device, which supplies electrical energy. For example, it may be a generator or a battery.
  3. The load converts the electrical energy from the source: into some other form of energy. For instance, a lamp changes electrical energy into light and heat. The load can be any electrical device.
  4. The transmission system conducts the current round the circuit. Any conductor can be part of a transmission system. Most systems consist of wires.
  5. The control regulates the current flow in the circuit. It may control the current by limiting it, as does the rheostat, or by interrupting it, as does a switch.
  6. Study Fig. 1. In this simple flashlight (карманный фонарик) source comprises three 1,5 V cells in series. The load is 0,3 bulb. Part of the transmission system is the metal body of the flashlight and the control is a sliding (peoстат).
  7. Compare Fig.2. The function of this circuit is to operate a television camera aboard a space satellite. Here the source is a battery of solar cells. A solar cell is an electric cell, which converts sunlight into electrical energy. The load is the television camera. The transmission system is the connecting wires. The control is a relay actuated by transmissions from ground control. Although the function of this circuit is much more complex than that of the flashlight, it too consists of the four basic elements.

(1,500)

XIII. Задания к тексту.

Прочтите 1 абзац текста, определите функцию one. Переведите текст абзаца.

Прочтите 1-5 абзацы текста. Определите функции местоимений it, these в I и 5 абзацах текста. Переведите текст абзацев.

Прочтите 6 и 7 абзацы текста. Найдите в тексте ответ на следующие вопросы:

What circuit is shown in Fig. 1? What is the function of the circuit shown in Fig. 2? What are the basic elements of this circuit?

Переведите текст абзацев.

Еще раз прочтите текст, перечислите его основные положения.

XIV. Замените подчеркнутые слова синонимами из текста.

1. Current flows from a point of high potential to one of low potential. It can only do so if there is way for it to follow. 2. All circuits consist of four elements. 3. The source supplies electrical energy. 4. The load changes electrical energy from the source into some other form of energy. 5. The control controls the current flow in the circuit. 6. The source in the circuit shown in Fig. 1 consists of three cells connected in series. 7. The control shown in Fig. 2 is a relay operated by ground control.

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