I. Выпишите из Прил. 1 значения следующих слов, запомните их:
scientific (a), produce (v), create (v), amount (n), develop (v), wind (v), rotate (v), direction (n), shape (n), obtain (v), require (v), design (n), efficient (a).
II. Запишите из Прил. 2 значения следующих терминов, запомните их:
core (n) revolution (n)
armature (n) alternating current (a.c.)
shaft (n) direct current (d.c.)
III. Прочтите следующие интернациональные слова и дайте их русский эквивалент:
generator (n), magnet (n), process (n), dynamo (n), pole (n), peak (n), commutator (n).
IV. Прочтите следующие слова, определите по суффиксу, какой частью речи они являются, переведите их:.
science (n) – scientist – scientific –scientifically;
produce (v) – producer – production – productivity;
create (v) – creative – creation – creator;
develop (v) – developed – developing – development;
rotate (v) – rotor – rotation;
obtain (v) – obtainable – obtaining – obtained;
require (v) – required – requiring – requirement;
rapid (a) – rapidly – rapidity;
efficient (a)-efficiently – efficiency.
V Дайте исходную форму следующих слов:
found, made, wound, driven, returns, needed.
VI. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на подчеркнутые слова, образованные по способу конверсии.
1. There are semiconductor devices whose resistance changes with changes of temperature. Thermistor is one of them. 2. Batteries and dynamos supply electric power. 3. The practical supply of electricity on a large scale (масштаб) was only possible by the development of electromagnetic machines, generators and transformers. 4. There are different transformers for different uses. 5. The author of the article (статья) uses a new method of calculating these values.
VII. Прочтите и переведите следующий микротекст, учитывая, что слову that в русском языке соответствуют: а) союзы “что”, “чтобы”, вводящие дополнительные придаточное предложения; б) союзное слово “который”, вводящее определительные придаточные предложения.
1. The connection between magnetism and electricity was first investigated (исследователь) in 1819 by the Danish scientist, Hans Öersted. He discovered that an electric current has a magnetic effect and that a conductor that is carrying a current is surrounded (окружать) by a magnetic field. This discovery was used by an English scientist, William Sturgeon, to make an electromagnet that consists of a soft (мягкий) iron bar (брусок) with a coil of wire around it. When the current in the coil is switched on the bar becomes magnetized; when it is off the bar loses its magnetism.
VIII Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения, учитывая различные значения since; а)союз “так как”, “поскольку”, “с тех пор, как”, б) предлог “с”, “со времени”.
1. Since I9I8 electric bulbs have been filled, (наполнять) with gas, 2. Almost 300 years have passed (проходить) since the Newton laws have been discovered. 3. Electromagnetic induction is a process that causes (вызывать) current to flow without physical or electrical contact. Since there is no direct contact between the magnet, and the current-carrying wire we say that the electricity from a generator is produced by means of (посредством) electromagnetic induction.
IX. Прочтите текст, обращая внимание на первые предложения абзацев. Перечислите основные положения текста.
GENERATORS
I. One of the most important scientific discoveries was made by Michael Faraday in 1831. Faraday found that when a magnet is moved near a coil of wire, an electric current is produced in a coil. He also discovered that when a current is switched on and off in one coil a changing magnetic field is created around the coil and that this changing field will create another current in a second nearby coil (находящийся рядом). The current in the second coil is much greater if both coils are wound on the same iron core. This process of producing electricity from magnetism is called electromagnetic induction.
2 The electric generators, or dynamos, that supply us with the vast amounts of electric power needed today have all been developed from Faraday's discovery. A dynamo consists of many coils of wire wound on an Iron core (armature) which is rotated on a shaft between .the poles of an electromagnet. The current is generated in the coils when the armature is driven around. In a simple dynamo the current changes direction twice for each revolution of the coil. First it builds up to a positive peak. Then it returns to zero before building up to a positive peak again. This is called alternating current (a.c.) A graph showing how the current varies with time has the shape of a wave. To obtain direct current (d.c.) from a rotating generator requires a commutator with split rings (кольца с прорезью).
3. Once (как только) the principle of electromagnetic induction had been discovered there was rapid development in the design of more efficient generators.
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X. Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения подчеркнутых слов.
1. The lines in this figure show the refraction of light. 2. Many important figures relating to the growth of modern electronic industry are shown in the table. 3. The number of protons defines the mass number. 4. In this case a number of rules should be remembered. 5. Telephone and telegraph are important means of communication. 6. It is possible to translate from one language into another by means of computer. 7. The word “computer” comes from a Latin word which means, “to count”. 8. The mean value of power is given by the formula.