I. Выпишите из Прил. 1 значения следующих слов, запомните их:
carry (v), stream (n), reverse (v), complete (a), measure (v), operate (v), advantage (n), depend (v), relative (a), step up (down) (v), link (v), case (n), breakdown (n), demand (n), cheap (a), reach (v), consumer (n).
II. Выпишите из Прил. 2 значения следующих терминов, запомните их:
surge (v)primary winding
cycle (n) secondary winding
frequency (n) input (n)
turn (n) output (n)
power station
III. Прочтите следующие интернациональные слова и дайте их русский эквивалент:
constant (a), regular (a), interval (n), rhythmically (adv.), transformer (n), double (v), system (n), station (n), local (a), region (n), voltage (n), separate (a).
IV. Прочтите следующие слова, определите по суффиксу, какой частью речи они являются, переведите их:
carry (v) – carried – carrying – carrier;
reverse (v) – reversive;
complete (a) – incomplete – complete (v) – completeness;
measure (v) – measure (n) – measurement – measurable – measureless;
operate (v) – operator – operative – operation;
advantage (n) – disadvantage – advantageous;
depend (v) – dependent – dependence – independence;
relative (a) – relatively – relativity;
cheap (a) – cheapness – cheaply;
consume (v) – consumer – consumption.
V. Дайте исходную форму следующих слов:
wound, changed, stepped, supplied, carrying.
VI. Прочтите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на союзы as well as – так же как, either...or – или...или, both...and – и...и.
1. We shall assume (предполагать) here that you have a basic knowledge of such things as current and voltage as well as some familiarity (осведомлённость) with components such as resistors, capacitors and inductors. 2. The voltage of a transformer can be either stopped up or stepped down. 3. Until the middle (середина) of the 50s all our knowledge of the solar system came to us either by light waves or radio waves. 4. The semiconductor diode is made up of both p-type and n-type semiconductor material. 5. An electronic device is made up of both “active” circuit elements, such as transistor, and “passive” components, such as resistors, capacitors and inductors.
VII. Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения, учитывая значение словосочетания “rather than” “а не”.
1. It is cheaper to transmit a low current at a high voltage rather than a high current at a low voltage. 2. If the anode is made negative it will repel rather than attract electrons and no current can pass through the valve (лампа).
VIII. Прочтите текст, скажите, в чем заключается прелиму|щество переменного тока по сравнению с постоянным.
ALTERNATING CURRENTS
1. In a wire carrying a direct current (produced, for instance, by a battery) there is a constant stream of electrons in one direction along the wire. An alternating current reverses its direction at regular intervals. In a wire carrying an alternating current the electrons surge rhythmically backwards and forwards. One complete forward and backward movement is a cycle and the number of cycles per second is the frequency of the alternating current. This is measured in hertz (one hertz – one cycle per second).
2. An alternating current operates lights, heaters and motors just as well as a direct current but it has the great advantage that the voltage of the supply can be easily changed up or down by using a transformer. A transformer consists essentially of two separate coils of wire wound onto the same iron core. Depending to the relative number of turns on the primary (input) and secondary (output) coils (windings) the voltage can be either stepped up or stepped down.
3. Large transformers are used In the grid system (единая энергосистема) which links all the power stations so that current from one station can be supplied to another region in the case of a breakdown or a greater demand for current than usual. The large power station generators produce electricity at 6000 V however, it is cheaper to transmit a low current at a high voltage, rather than a high current at a low voltage. The output of the power station is thus stepped up to 132000 V, before being fed (до поступления) into the grid system. It is stepped down again at local sub-stations and reaches the consumer at 240 V.
(1,500)
IX. Задания к тексту.
Прочтите и переведите 1 абзац текста.
Прочтите 2 абзац текста. Найдите в нем сложное предложение, скажите, сколько предложений входит в его состав, назовите союзы, с помощью которых осуществляется связь между этими предложениями. Переведите текст абзаца.
Прочтите 3 абзац текста, найдите в нем ответ на следующие вопросы:
What is the transformer used for? Why is the output of the power station stepped up to 130000 V before being fed to the grid system?
Еще раз прочтите текст, изложите кратко его содержание.