I. Найдите в Прил. 1 значения следующих слов, запомните их:
remove (v), reason (n), solid (a), layer (n), piece (n), slice (n), correspond (v), involve (v), conceive (v), quantity (n).
II. Найдите в Прил. 2 значения следующих терминов, запомните их.
oscillation emitter
tube (n) junction transistor
solid state bipolar transistor
base (n) field-effect transistor
collector charge carrier
III. Прочтите следующие интернациональные слова и дайте их русский эквивалент.
detect (v), signal (n), central (a), polarity (n), fabrication (n), practical (a), diameter (n), modern (a).
IV. Дайте исходнув форму следующих слов:
moving, called, known, less, smaller
V. Прочтите и переведите следующие словосочетания:
glass-tube, solid-state device, n-type germanium, warming-up time.
VI. Назовите глаголы, от которых образованы следующие существительные:
detection, amplification, rectifier, production, carrier, passage, introduction, correspondence, operation, fabrication, involvement, collector, emitter.
VII. Прочтите следующий текст, замените подчеркнутые существительные соответствующими местоимениями. Переведите текст.
In recent years the transistor – an entirely (совершенно) new type of electron device – has replaced the electron tubes in most, if not all applications. Transistors are much smaller than tubes. Transistors have no filament and hence need no heating power, and may be operated in any position. Transistors are mechanically rugged (прочный) and transistors' life is practically unlimited. In contrast to electron tubes, which utilize (использовать ) the flow of free electrons through a vacuum or gas, the transistor relies (основываться ) for transistor's operation on the movement of charge carriers through a solid substance, a semiconductor.
VIII. Прочтите текст, скажите, какие типы транзисторов в нем упоминаотся. Назовите основные элементы транзистора.
TRANSISTORS
1. Valves are used in electronics to control the flow of currents in circuits, to detect and amplify radio signals and to produce oscillations in transmitters. Transistor can also perform these functions. In valves, the current is carried by electrons passing from the cathode to the anode in a glass tube from which the air has been removed. Transistors are completely solid, the electrons moving between the atoms of certain semiconducting crystals. For this reason they are called solid-state devices.
2. A transistor is made by sandwiching a thin layer of n-type germanium between two small pieces of p-type germanium. This is a p-n-p-transistor (n-p-n-translators are also used). The central n-slice is the base and corresponds to the grid of a valve. One of the two outer p-type layers is the emitter and the other is the collector: they correspond to the cathode and the anode of a valve respectively. The n-p-n and p-n-p-transistors make up the class of devices called junction transistors. They are also known as bipolar transistors because charge carriers of both polarities are involved in their operation. It is the bipolar transistor that was invented in 1948. A second basic kind of transistor was conceived almost 25 years before the bipolar devices, but its fabrication in quantity became practical only in the early 1960’s. This is the field-effect transistor.
3. Transistors are very small and light. A typical transistors is less than one centimetre long and three millimetres in diameter. There is no filament to heat up in order to emit electrons and so there is no warming-up time. Modern radio and television sets and computers use transistors instead of valves.
(1.700)
IX. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
How is a p-n-p-transistor manufactured? What are the main elements of a transistor? What are the main elements of а valve? Why can we compare these two devices? What kind of transistor was the first to be invented?
Переведите текст абзаца.
Прочтите 3 абзац текста, расскажите о преимуществах транзисторов по сравнению с лампами.
X. Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения подчеркнутых слов.
1.Transistors are the main functional units of microelectronic devices. 2. Ohm is a unit of resistance. 3. Heat causes many chemical changes in substances. 4. This phenomenon takes place due to several causes. 5. There is only one paper devoted to the subject discussed. 6. Electronic computers are the only kind of machine with which one hopes to translate from one language to another.