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UNIT 6

I. Выпишите из Прил. 1 значения следующих слов, запомните их:

tiny (a), revolve (v), follow (v), lead (led, led), growth. (n), vast (a), rely on (v), invent (v), behaviour (n), light (a), equipment (n), restrict (v), exploration (n), perform (v), complicate (v).

II. Выпишите из Прил. 2 значения следующих терминов, запомните их:

valve

power supply

integrated circuit

chip

III. Прочтите следующие интернациональные слова и дайте их русский эквивалент.

negative (a), atom (n), isolate (v), industry (n), revolutionize (v), miniaturize (v), radio (n), television (n), function (n), mathematical (a), operation (n), crystal (n), component (n).

IV. Прочтите следующие слова, определите по суффиксу, какой частью речи они являются, переведите их:

grow – growth;

rely (v) – reliable – unreliable – reliability;

invent (v) – inventor – invention – inventive – uninventive;

equip (v) – equipped – unequipped – equipment;

restrict – restricted – restricting – restriction;

explore (v) – explored – exploring – exploration;

perform (v) – performed – performing – performance;

complicate (v) – complication – complicated.

V. Прочтите и переведите следующие словосочетания:

radio and television equipment, space exploration, semiconductor crystal, power supply.

VI. Прочтите текст, перечислите его основные положения.

ELECTRONICSTHE 20TH CENTURY SCIENCE

1. Electrons, the tiny particles of negative electricity that revolve around the nuclei of atoms, were discovered by J. J. Thomson in I897. It then appeared to be (казалось) an isolated discovery but in the following 75 years it has led to the growth of a vast industry that has changed our lives in many ways. At first all of these industries relied on the thermionic valve invented by J. A. Fleming in I904. The valve was the first electronic device to be invented and its development revolutionized methods of communication and entertainment (развлечение).

2. In 1948 the transistor was invented by William Shockley, an American physicist. It depends on the behaviour of electrons in semiconductors such as silicon and germanium. Transistors can do all that valves can do but they are much smaller, and therefore lighter, stronger, and work with much smaller power supplies than valves. This led to much smaller, or miniaturized, electronic equipment. Radio and television equipment can now fit in (помещаться) the restricted space of a satellite. In fact, the exploration of space would not have been possible without transistors. Integrated circuits – the smallest electronic devices – are made by designing semiconductor crystals in such a way that they perform functions of whole circuits. In these circuits, a chip of silicon may contain a large number of separate components, such as transistors, connected together. Computers also depend on electronic switches. The speed with which the electronic switches work allows the computer to carry out very complicated mathematical operations very quickly.

(1,600)

VII. Задания к тексту.

Прочтите 1 абзац текста, найдите в нем ключевые слова и их повторы. Раскройте значение местоимения it во втором предложении абзаца.

Отвегьте на следующие вопросы:

What is an electron? When were electrons discovered? What was the first electronic device to be invented?

Прочтите и переведите 2 абзац текста.

VIII. Замените подчеркнутые слова синонимами из текста.

1. Fleming developed the thermionic valve in 1904. This resulted in the growth of a vast industry that transformed our lives in many ways. 2. At first the development of electronics depended on the thermionic valve, which was called a tube in the USA. 3. The action of the transistor relies on the behaviour of electrons in semiconductors. 4. Transistors can perform with much smaller power supplies than valves. 5. In integrated circuits semiconductor crystals fulfil the functions of whole circuits. 6. The computer can do very complicated mathematical operations very rapidly.

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