I. Найдите в Прил. 1 значения следующих слов, выучите их:
emit (v), cloud (n), seal (v), attract (v), repel (v), constitute (v), feed (fed, fed), several (a).
II. Найдите в Прил. 2 значения следующих слов, запомните их:
plate (n) terminal (n) rectifier record player filament (n) grid (n) amplifier gain (n)
III. Прочтите следующие интернациональные слова, дайте их русский эквивалент:
ordinary (a), form (v,n), positive (a), negative (a), anode (n), cathode (n), regulator (n), distance (n), spiral (no), control (v), variation (n), modern (a).
IV. Прочтите следующие слова, определите по суффиксу, какой частью речи они являются, переведите их:
emit – emitter – emission – emitting – emitted;
attract – attraction – attracting – attracted – attractive;
repel (v) – repellant – repelling;
constitute – constitution – constituting – constituted;
amplify (v) – amplifier – amplification – amplified – amplifying;
rectify – rectifier – rectification.
V. Прочтите и переведите следующие пары, слов:
valve – value, tube – type, charge – change, around – surround, simple – signal, contain – obtain.
VI. Прочтите и переведите следующие словосочетания:
lamp bulb, onе wау regulator, triode valve, radio and record-player amplifiers.
VII. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на сравнительную конструкцию: “the ...the” – “чем...чем”.
1. The longer and thinner a piece of wire the greater will be its resistance. 2. The more heat a gas contains the faster tne molecules move. The faster they move, the more frequent and powerful are their collisions. 3. Infrared waves are produced by the vibrating atoms and molecules of the source of radiation. The higher the temperature of the source, the mоrе rapidly the atoms vibrate and the greater the frequency of the waves.
(4000)
VIII. Прочтите текст, найдите абзац, где говорится об изобретении триода, опишите принцип действия триода.
THERMIONIC VALVES
1. In an ordinary electric lamp the electrons emitted by the filament form a cloud around it. If a metal plate is sealed inside the lamp bulb, a little distance from the filament, a simple diode valve is formed. If the positive terminal of a battery is connected to the plate (anode) and the negative terminal is connected to the filament (cathode), the negatively charged electrons will no longer collect around the filament but will be attracted towards the anode. Because a flow of electrons constitutes an electric current, a current flows through the valve from the cathode to the anode. If the anode is made negative it will repel rather than attract electrons and no current can pass through the valve. Thus the valve acts as one-way regulator for electrons. A valve operating in this way can be used as a rectifier.
2. An American inventor, Lee de Forest, added a third electrode in the form of a wire spiral between the cathode and the anode and produced the triode valve. This third electrode (grid) can control the number of electrons reaching the anode. The more positive the voltage of the grid compared to the cathode, the more electrons pass through it to reach the anode and so the anode current is increased. The less positive the grid, the fewer number of electrons reach the anodes. The important point is that a small variation in the voltage of the grid can produce a large variation in the anode current. So if a weak signal is fed to the grid a much stronger signal can be taken from the anode. The valve therefore acts as an amplifier. Modern valves have several grids and are more sensitive than the triode. Until the invention of the transistor, all radio and record-player amplifiers were based on thermionic valves.
(1,7ОО)
IX. Задания к тексту.
Прочтите 1 абзац текста, найдите в нем сложные предложения, назовите союзы, с помощью которых осуществляется связь внутри сложных предлжений. В каждом предложении найдитe сказуемое, определите его время и залог. Переведите текст абзаца.
Прочтите 2 абзац текста. Найдите предложения со сравнительной конструкцией, переведите их. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
Who invented the triode valve? What is the function of the grid in a triode? What makes possible the amplification of a signal in the triode?
X. Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения подчёркнутых слов:
1. A diode is not capable of gain, so it cannot serve as an active circuit element. 2. One must work hard in order to gain experience in the field of modern electronics. 3. It is known that wires carrying current in a magnetic field have forces on them. 4. Reading scientific papers we obtain information on current developments in the field of science and technology. 5. The above definition states that there is a close connection between the phenomena described. 6. Plasma is the fourth state of matter. 7.For an electric current to flow we must have a closed circuit. 8. During the experiment the temperature rode above the calculated value.
(650)